Protect your eyes during the total solar eclipse

[00:00:00] 主持人安珀·史密斯: 上州医科大学 in Syrac使用, 纽约 invites you to be "The Informed Patient" with the podcast that features experts from 中央 纽约's only academic medical center. 我是主持人，安柏·史密斯. If the weather cooperates and the clouds stay away, 中央, Northern and Western 纽约ers will be able to observe a total solar eclipse on Monday, 4月8日. 为了帮助了解如何避免严重的眼睛损伤，我正在与Dr. 罗伯特·费奇特纳，眼科学和视觉科学教授兼主席. Welcome back to "The Informed Patient," Dr. Fechtner.

[00:00:34] 罗伯特·费奇特纳博士: 谢谢. It's great to be back here with you Amber.

[00:00:38] 主持人安珀·史密斯: A lot of people who live here and a lot of people who travel to 中央 or Western or Northern 纽约 plan to watch the total eclipse, 所以知道如何安全地做这件事是很重要的?

[00:00:49] 罗伯特·费奇特纳博士: 首先, 日食向我们走来，我们有多幸运, 我们不需要横穿全国去看这个? I am so excited to see a total solar eclipse. It is truly a wonder of nature. In ancient times, it was a very frightening experience. And now the only thing that frightens me is the weather. So I'm hoping for a really clear, 阳光灿烂的日子.

People will, and if they can, should, take the opportunity to go out and witness this. It is spectacular, and it is very easy to do it safely. So I'm glad we're talking today about how to safely experience this wonder of nature.

[00:01:33] 主持人安珀·史密斯: 那么，通过双筒望远镜或望远镜观察是否安全?

[00:01:38] 罗伯特·费奇特纳博士: 安布尔，抬头看太阳是一种巨大的诱惑. And as all of us know, every once in a while you look up, you catch the sun, that's not dangerous. 你知道，眼睛里瞬间的阳光只是每天的一部分.

The danger is that it's going to be so fascinating we're going to want to watch the whole thing, and you cannot do that with the naked eye. 更糟糕的是用双筒望远镜或望远镜. And let me tell you why that is. 我要回到我小时候我有放大镜的时候. You can guess that I'm a professor, and I was always a science nerd, 但在明亮的阳光下, 阳光灿烂的日子, we could take our magnifying glass and a piece of paper and burn a hole through the piece of paper with the magnifying glass. The magnifying glass is a lens.

Your eye works very similarly. There's a lens inside your eye, and its only purpose is to focus light on the retina. So that same sunlight that could burn a piece of paper when I was a kid can burn the retina if you are looking at it. If you 使用 a 望远镜 or binoculars, you amplify that concentration of sunlight. 所以绝对, you have to avoid those unless it is a specially made optical device for viewing a solar eclipse.

[00:03:09] 主持人安珀·史密斯: So I'm guessing the camera in my cell phone also has a lens, so that's probably a no-no as well?

[00:03:16] 罗伯特·费奇特纳博士: 如果你想拍照，你的手机会很不高兴. 这不是一个好主意，试图用手机看它. 幸运的是, 你的手机屏幕不够亮，不会伤害你的眼睛, but the sun is bright enough to injure your cell phone.

[00:03:33] 主持人安珀·史密斯: 所以我们真的只剩下肉眼了，但我们需要保护. 墨镜能做到吗??

[00:03:41] 罗伯特·费奇特纳博士: 你不能戴太阳镜. In fact, any lens that you're able to see through in daylight is not dark enough. I just went on Amazon last week and bought a hundred pairs of eclipse sunglasses. 所以要早点计划. 你必须得到它们. I don't think people will sell out, 但是你不会想要提前一两天去找这些东西.

普通的太阳镜会过滤掉一点点阳光. 你需要一个更暗、更密集的镜头才能安全地观察太阳.

[00:04:17] 主持人安珀·史密斯: Can you put those eclipse glasses over the binoculars?

[00:04:22] 罗伯特·费奇特纳博士: 你知道, it sounds like a clever idea to do that, but the binoculars concentrate the light further, and that's not considered a safe practice. 对于那些真正致力于观看这次日食的人来说, you can go online and you can buy binoculars that are so densely filtered that they are safe, 但你必须确保他们来自一个有信誉的来源. 如果你透过一些东西，你可以看到天花板上的光, then it is not dense enough. They really have to filter out a lot of light for you to be able to point it at the sun.

[00:05:02] 主持人安珀·史密斯: What if it's overcast on 4月8日? Can you safely look at the eclipse through the clouds?

[00:05:08] 罗伯特·费奇特纳博士: 光线仍然很强烈. They will be slightly filtered, but not enough that you should be looking directly at the sun. 这是剂量反应. So a somewhat filtered sun will take longer to burn the retina, but it will burn the retina. 你会看到10到15分钟的日食.

[00:05:27] 主持人安珀·史密斯: 所以这些日食眼镜, do they need to be worn during the partial eclipse, as the moon moves in front of the sun?

[00:05:37] 罗伯特·费奇特纳博士: 建议只要是日偏食就行, you still have that very bright portion of the sun. 作为一名眼科医生，我见过被太阳晒伤的人. 有些人有, for various reasons or mental illness, decided to stare at the sun, and they end up having a circular burn in their vision. 如果你测试它们，只会有一个圆圈被打孔出来. 他们看不见.

如果你在看日偏食，你不会看到一个圆. You would have a semicircle or a crescent burn.

No, it is not safe to look at the sun anytime other than the totality when the entire sun is blocked out. 时间很短，但我希望它能很有戏剧性.

[00:06:24] 主持人安珀·史密斯: 你能描述一种不看太阳的观看方式吗?

[00:06:29] 罗伯特·费奇特纳博士: 确定. I'll start out by saying now that you can buy cardboard eclipse sunglasses for a dollar or two,I hope most people will go that direction.

你可以使用一种光学技巧，叫做针孔投影仪. 如果你拿一个简单的3乘5的文件卡, 你在上面戳了个洞, and a ballpoint pen tip is a good size to do that. Then you can turn your back to the sun, 拿起那个针孔，在后面放一张纸, and it will project the circle of the sun on it. As the eclipse is projecting, you will see that circle start to shrink as the moon comes into view.

我爱光学. 我是眼科医生, so I'll have some of my friends around me, and even though we'll have the sunglasses, 我们这么做只是因为这是一个有趣的科学实验. 网上有关于如何制作针孔日食观察器的说明.

[00:07:34] 主持人安珀·史密斯: This is 推荐最近最火的赌博软件's "The Informed Patient" podcast. 我是主持人，安柏·史密斯. I'm talking about how to safely view the total solar eclipse with 推荐最近最火的赌博软件's chair of ophthalmology, Dr. 罗伯特Fechtner. 周一，日全食将横跨北美, 4月8日, from Mexico through the United States and into Canada. The partial eclipse starts at 2:09 in Syrac使用, with the total eclipse lasting one minute, 24秒, 3:24开始. The partial eclipse then ends at 4:35.

So you mentioned that you've seen patients that you've cared for that have looked directly at the sun and have suffered, 这是持久的伤害吗??

[00:08:16] 罗伯特·费奇特纳博士: 可悲的是, Amber when you burn the retina, 这是眼睛内部感知光线的部分, there are no longer rods and cones there. 那部分视网膜就再也看不见光了. It is truly a punched out small circle, but beca使用 people stare at the sun, 在他们的视线中心有一个打孔的圆圈.

It can make it nearly impossible to read. 我大概会把它等同于黄斑变性. It takes away your central vision. It is not worth taking the risk you have to get a proper pair of solar eclipse glasses. Or, if for some reason there are none available, do the pinhole projector we just talked about. 美国天文协会在网上有一些描述. There are other reliable sites online, and don't take the risk of burning the retina. Do not look directly at the sun, no matter how attractive this event is going to be, unless you're wearing proper protection.

[00:09:20] 主持人安珀·史密斯: If someone does look at the sun, does it hurt? Will they feel that they are hurting their eyes?

[00:09:25] 罗伯特·费奇特纳博士: The body is interesting, the way it protects it. We have pain receptors all over our skin. 眼睛里的视网膜不需要痛觉感受器, 眼睛和视网膜内也没有痛觉感受器. So it would just be a right dazzling view, but it would have lifelong consequences.

So if you're looking at something, and it seems really bright, it's a good time to look away. I'll draw a little parallel. Many of us have had a photograph with a flash camera, and you notice right after the flash, you can't see where that flash was. Imagine that being a permanent blind spot. 如果你盯着太阳看太久，就会发生这种情况.

[00:10:15] 主持人安珀·史密斯: If someone realizes that they've done that, or maybe their child has done that, is there any emergency care that they can render, or do they need to do anything right then?

[00:10:26] 罗伯特·费奇特纳博士: This is where prevention is the only answer. 我们还没有能力移植或恢复烧伤的神经细胞. So for your children, supervise them. I have a hundred sunglasses here. If you're in the neighborhood, stop by. 我给你一双. And we are handing them out to all of our staff and patients who are in the office. We'll go out the back door and we are going to take a break for the solar eclipse.

[00:10:58] 主持人安珀·史密斯: 现在, 日食眼镜, 有没有一种方法可以判断你是否买到了高质量的日食眼镜?

[00:11:06] 罗伯特·费奇特纳博士: 好吧, there is a standard for them, and I won't give you the numbers beca使用 nobody's going to take a look and see that it's ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 1 2 3 1 2 - 2. I just gave you the numbers. But there is a standard for them. The ones online are probably reliable. And I expect we're going to see them in an awful lot of stores along the path of the total eclipse. 但是一定要看并确保它们被证明是安全的. 或者它会说"直接观察太阳的过滤器."

And a quick test you can do is if you put them on, 你唯一能透过它们看到的就是太阳. You won't see other people, you won't see a flashlight. 他们很黑, dark glass to let just enough light through for you to be able to safely watch the eclipse.

[00:12:00] 主持人安珀·史密斯: So they're not at all like regular sunglasses.

[00:12:02] 罗伯特·费奇特纳博士: They are not like sunglasses. 把你的太阳镜留到阳光明媚的日子外出吧. You need these special glasses. And fortunately now they are so inexpensive, I think most people will find it quite affordable. 买一些. 给朋友买一些. 把它们发给站在你旁边没有的人. 是慷慨的.

还有一些双筒望远镜内置了这些滤光片. So if you are truly devoted, you can find those. 但不要试图戴上日食太阳镜，然后用双筒望远镜观察. The binoculars concentrate too much sunlight and will make it too bright 日食眼镜 to do their job.

[00:12:47] 主持人安珀·史密斯: 好吧, this has been really important advice, 我非常感谢你抽出时间来告诉我们, Dr. Fechtner.

[00:12:53] 罗伯特·费奇特纳博士: Amber, I'm so glad to be here. I hope everybody has a bright 阳光灿烂的日子 on 4月8日. Go see the eclipse, and be safe.

[00:13:04] 主持人安珀·史密斯: 我的客人是博士. 罗伯特·费奇特纳，上州眼科教授兼主席. "The Informed Patient" is a podcast covering health, 科学与医学, 由锡拉丘兹上州医科大学为您带来, 纽约, 由吉姆·豪制作. Find our archive of previous episodes at volamdolong.com/informed. If you enjoyed this episode, please tell a friend to listen too, 你可以在Spotify上对“知情患者”播客进行评分和评论, 苹果播客, YouTube, 或者无论你收看什么节目. 我是主持人安珀·史密斯，感谢大家的收听.